Unit 4 - factors that affect the EFFECTIVENESS OF managing hazards

Unit 4 - factors that affect the EFFECTIVENESS OF managing hazards
Read this link and make notes on it
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog030/node/379

Here are some case studies to consider:

PLACE

Remoteness/accessibility: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, 1985, 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Hotspots: Mt Merapi, Indonesia
Eruption types: Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Peléan, Plinian, Surtseyan, Submarine, Subglacial, Phreatic eruptions (for these, a specific eruption case study might not be necessary), super-volcano (caldera) - Campi Flegrei
Earthquake types: blind-thrust, mega-thrust, interplate & intraplate, deep-focus quakes shallow quakes - Haiti 2011; deep - Chile 2010, aftershocks (Nepal 2015)

PEOPLE

Population density & distribution: 1964 Alaskan earthquake vs 2010 Haiti earthquake, Kamchatka Peninsula, Campi Flegrei, Naples,
Coasts compared with landlocked places: Indian Ocean tsunami 2004, Nepal 2015
Demographics: Japan 2011 (ageing populations) https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/03/japans-earthquake-and-the-hazards-of-an-aging-population/72892/
Culture & beliefs: Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 (Andaman islands) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4181855.stm
Disadvantaged groups: Banda Aceh (2004) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement
Education: Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0s2i7Cc7wA
Employment: farmers in the Phillippines, fishermen in the Indian Ocean Tsunami, tourists (2004 Tsunami

POWER - TO FOLLOW

Communism: 2008 Sichuan Earthquake http://www.nysun.com/opinion/communist-made-disaster/76569/

Capitalism: Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 http://www.naomiklein.org/shock-doctrine/resources/part7/chapter19/thailand-tsunami-survivors-group

Democracy vs dictatorship: Chile vs Iran http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2010/03/long_live_democratic_seismology.html

Transparency vs corruption: Haiti 2010, Chile 2010 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2010-07-15/disaster-politics

The role of NGOs: http://nacla.org/news/ngos-and-business-poverty-haiti

Local communities: Nepal 2016 http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2016/05/03/community-participation-should-be-at-the-heart-of-nepals-post-earthquake-reconstruction-process/
https://www.hands.org/localvolunteers/

Government agencies: FEMA (federal emergency management agency) http://disasterphilanthropy.org/issue-insight/fema/

Political instability (links to Banda Aceh 2004): http://www.dw.com/en/how-political-instability-affected-nepals-disaster-preparedness/a-18411259